The details still need to be worked out. For example, it will be decided exactly which regions will form the autonomous region will be decided by referendum before the end of the year, although this will probably go beyond the current boundaries of the ARMM of Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi provinces. This will exacerbate a key issue in negotiations over which political entity will control strategic areas such as the Sulu Sea and the Gulf of Moro. The modules we describe here are examples of what you can expect in this study programme based on current academic teaching. The exact modules available in the coming years may vary depending on staff availability and research interests, new topics of study, timeline and student demand. The „Tips for Advocacy“ series features law students who give advice based on their experiences, as well as professionals in fields other than law. For example, Beverly Thorn, Ph.D. Psychology presents the Emotional Intelligence Program for Lawyers; Gina Johnson, Emily Post Institute-certified business etiquette coach, presents the Business Etiquette Program; and Mark Hamilton, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Treasurer, presented the Financial Advice Program for Law Students. Located at the eastern end of downtown, St.
Luke`s is home to Sport and Health Sciences, Medical School, Academy of Nursing, Department of Allied Health Professions and PGCE students. The changes to the waters of Bangsamoro (removal in the case of the Senate and reduction to only 4 kilometers in the case of the house versions) also negatively affect the Bangsamoro identity, as these waters are part of the identity of the Bangsamoro. Reducing or removing water is like not recognizing these waters as part of the Bangsamoro, their history and identity. Legislative efforts to create a Bangsamoro Autonomous Region were first proposed and discussed by the 16th Congress of the Philippines, but have not been implemented. The subject was taken up again at the 17th Congress. The bill was ratified by the Senate and House of Representatives on July 23 and 24, 2018, respectively. [4] The bill was finally signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 26, 2018. [5] [6] The provisions of the Act came into force on August 10, 2018.
[7] There are four indexes for BBL video interviews: In a recent debate in the disputed region of Mindanao, presidential candidate Duterte argued that solving Mindanao`s problems goes far beyond the BBL. In a meeting with the MILF Central Committee, Duterte proposed federalism as a possible solution in which all provinces would take control of local affairs. The Senate version, on the other hand, referred to the Bangsamoro territory as „territorial jurisdiction“ and removed or modified certain elements of the BTC definition. The current regulations are as follows: Third, many residents directly affected by BBL know too little about it. An intensive education and information campaign is needed to ensure that they are informed and aware of how this will affect them. At most, a symbolic BBL will transform Bankissamoro`s leaders while strengthening the rule of Moro`s elite. At worst, it will fuel recruitment campaigns by armed groups such as the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and the Abu Sayyaf group. The new strength of the MNLF and the escalation of extremism in Abu Sayyaf suggest that the BBL alone will not end the violence in Mindanao. As one of the two main Muslim-led rebel groups in Mindanao, the MNLF will be involved in the peace process and the adoption of the BBL. Sectoral representation of women and indigenous peoples; In addition to including petitions from contiguous areas in the first referendum, the CAB and the BTC bill propose the holding of regular referendums after the ratification of the BBL as a mechanism to channel grievances from former Moro territories lost due to Manila`s colonial policies, from armed struggle to a democratic referendum process. But the Senate and House versions eliminated all provisions that would allow for subsequent referendums. The framework agreement was then supplemented by four annexes and an addendum[33]: Overall, the reserved powers of the national government in the version of the House of Representatives were increased from 9 to 20.
The list of concurrent powers has been expanded from 14 to 21, reducing the exclusive powers of the Bangsamoro government to nearly half when we combine these amendments from both houses of Congress. But Aquino himself authorized Oplan Exodus in January 2015, an operation to pursue a suspected terrorist with a $5 million bounty in Mamasapano, without coordination with the MILF. The result was the killing of 44 elite policemen, 17 MILF members, five civilians and the death of the BBL in Congress. Many of our students participate in the Exeter Prize and the Exeter Leaders Award. These programs encourage you to participate in employment-related workshops, skills events, volunteering and employment that contribute to your professional decision-making skills and success in the job market. Civil society organizations inside and outside Mindanao have expressed concern about the adoption of a „very watered-down“ version of the Basic Law of Bangsamoro, which is supposed to be the enabling law for the Bangsamoro Global Agreement (CAB), the peace agreement signed by the government (GPH) and the MILF on March 27, 2014. International students must prove that they have the required level of English to study this course. The required results for this course fall under profile B. Please visit our English Language Requirements page to view the required test results and equivalencies for your country.
Fourth, the BBL executive violates a 2008 Supreme Court decision. This precluded an attempt by the president`s office to establish a separate political entity in Bangsamoro, Muslim Mindanao. If passed, the law will violate this earlier Supreme Court ruling and exacerbate tensions. The Philippine Constitution Association believes that the Bangsamoro Organic Act will lead to the destruction and dismemberment of the Philippines. They also consider unconstitutional the provision that the constitution must be amended, as it accepts only one autonomous region in Mindanao considers the Bangsamoro autonomous region as a separate political entity from the autonomous region of Muslim Mindanao. He also criticized the powers given to the Bangsamoro Regional Legislature, which he said were originally reserved for the Philippine Congress. It also objects to some tax revenues going directly to the Bangsamoro region, which it says gives an „unfair“ advantage over other regions. [43] Although the BBL is essential to peacebuilding in Mindanao, many flaws in the bill threaten to limit its effectiveness. Peacebuilding in Mindanao must involve all parties to the conflict, including all major factions of rebel groups led by Muslims, women and indigenous peoples. A mass information campaign and interreligious dialogue must be implemented. In the Senate, the power to regulate inland waters has generally been abolished (§ 21, Article XIII). Fifth, senior leaders of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) oppose the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
The MNLF is one of the two main Muslim-led rebel groups in Mindanao; However, only the MILF is involved in the BBL`s talks with the MNLF. The chairman of the MNLF`s Islamic Command Council (ICC), Habib Mujahab Hajim, said that „the BBL is the product of a conspiracy“ between the Philippine government and the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front). He said it violated the 1996 final peace agreement and the 1996 Tripoli agreement, which secured autonomy for a Muslim Mindanao. The MILF and MNLF occupy the same territory. So there is now a conflict of governance and a conflict of territory. Aspects related to nomenclatures have also been changed: the version of the Chamber has changed „Bangsamoro“ as the name of the new political entity to replace ARMM in „Autonomous Region IN the Bangsamoro“; the Senate version refers to Bangsamoro as the „Bangsamoro Autonomous Region“. With the bill`s popularity plummeting, House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr., acknowledged the prospect that the bill could be defeated by Congress in the face of fierce public opposition, hoping the administration would come up with a „Plan B.“ [22] Section 1. The geographical area of Bangsamoro (amended and added) refers to the landmass as well as the maritime, land, river and alluvial domains and the air domain above the waters under the responsibility of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region (amended and added). The Bangsamoro Territory Autonomous Region is still part of the national territory of the Republic of the Philippines as defined in the Constitution and national laws (amended and added) BBL has been offered as a course at the University of Alabama School of Law since 2013. It is taught by Professor Pam Pierson. Each semester also includes lawyers and judges who serve as speakers, panelists and group leaders. BBL is a two-hour ethics course with grades P, D, F.
Law degrees in Cornwall are part of a portfolio of programmes offered at our world-class law school in Exeter. Our collaboration with the University of Exeter Business School is unique on the Penryn campus. Our modules in Environmental Law and Policy, Human Rights and Corporate Law are available to students on campus, creating a learning environment that respects and benefits from such a diverse cohort of learners.
